Lebensreform? Yes.

Lebensreform was a German movement between the late 19th and early 20th centuries that focused on an "all natural" way of life. A return to the earth and one's body was emphasized with the main tenets being health food/raw food/organic food, nudism, sexual liberation, alternative medicine, and religious reform while at the same time abstention from alcohol, tobacco, drugs, and vaccines. Although this movement seems to only have left behind "Reformhaus" raw/organic/health food stores in Germany, it influenced the "hippie" movement after some people involved in Lebensreform migrated to California.


The Lebensreform's political opportunity structure seems to be very limited even though it is theoretically an identity/practice-based movement that "anyone" can choose. I say "anyone" because someone struggling financially would have a hard time justifying joining this movement and buying more expensive food all the time. Although the identity-based part of the movement seems inaccurate, I would argue that it is just an identity that you cannot see. So I do not think that the Lebensreform in Germany had much political opportunity for change even though they seemed to have affected the lives of many hippies in the United States.